Total Energy Management Handbook.
New Approach to Energy Conservation in Thailand. November 2005. Prepared by Department of Alternative Energy Development and Efficiency, Energy Conservation Center Thailand, Committee Members for TEM Handbook Preparation and Energy Conservation Center Japan.

Practical Challenges in Negotiation for Environmental Provisions under RTAs. PowerPoint presentation by MIYAKE, Yasujiro, METI, Japanese Government. June 2007. Presentation for OECD workshop on Regional Trade Agreements and the Environment.

Surveying 136 exporting firms from ten OECD and non-OECD countries, this study documents the incidence, and impact of, non-tariff measures that are perceived to act as barriers to trade in seven sectors of environmental goods and associated services. Although the DDA has a mandate to address inter alia such trade barriers, information shedding light on the specific problems that firms encounter in their export activities has been scarce.

Accounts by exporting firms in Austria, Brazil, Canada, Chile, France, Germany, India, Japan, Korea and the United States suggest that environmental goods indeed face a variety of obstacles when traded abroad. Firms participating in the survey mentioned relatively often problems associated with product testing and certification requirements, customs procedures, regulations on payment, problems with intellectual property protection, government procurement procedures and technical regulations and standards. Certain types of reported barriers appear to be more prevalent in certain markets. For example, customs procedures reportedly pose a problem predominantly in developing and transition economies and problems with intellectual property rights are associated especially with China. The non-tariff barriers reported by the firms appear to be generic and not specific to the environmental sector. The study shows that in many countries the environmental industry consists mostly of SMEs, for whom cost-raising barriers pose disproportionately greater problems due to their limited resources.

F&S 2007 Snapshot of Japanese Environmental Industry

"Green IT Initiative in Japan" Presentation by Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry Japan